+ Time value 𝑆 − 𝐾 for call option 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 − 𝐾 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑦 Too complicated for or misunderstood by naive investors. Fixed at issue and then guided when trading by Brokerage

., 2018; CALISKAN et al., 2020) •Naive Portfolio •Minimizes risk without sacrificing expected returns(Tang, 2003) •Optimal strategy(Bock, 2018;Brown et al., 2013;li, 2018) 6 Background(Cont.) •Mean variance

selection 2.3 2.3 2003 Rebalancing March 11.3 September 0.2 11.1 2009 Some caveats when implementing Strategic Beta: strategy-specification sensitive, and market dynamics (vs. strict/naive investing rules