, purchasing power is still weak and no clear sign of recovery in sight. To strengthening their competitive edge in other to enlarge market share, the players have to focus on boosting sales figures rather than

เบนมาตรฐาน (standard deviation) เพื่อคำนวณหาอัตราความผันผวนของมูลค่าทรัพย์สินที่กองทุนมีการลงทุนโดยเฉลี่ยในช่วงระยะเวลาใด ๆ ในอดีตหรือการใช้ค่าเฉลี่ยเลขคณิต (arithmetic mean) เพื่อคำนวณหาอัตราการขายคืน

by inflation and a 20% equity allocation portfolio. This addition in certainty-equivalent income has the same impact on expected utility as an annual arithmetic return increase of +1.59% (i.e., Gamma

upgrade and 4) interest cost saving. Even though there was a 5.3% y-on-y increasing gas cost per unit in 2019 while a sight increase in Ft charge. • NNP / NNP - owner of the parent increased 118.4% / 94.5

stronger role in the over- sight of risk management policies as well as implementing effective remuneration policies. Priority 6: Shareholder engagement should be encouraged and facilitated, in particular by

others? We leave these questions for future research. 12 REFERENCES Barber, B. M., Odean, T., & Zheng, L. (2005). Out of sight, out of mind: The effects of expenses on mutual fund flows. The Journal of

’ over- sight system (mutual reliance) and increase the ability of Thai listed companies to raise funds in EU countries. • Asian Corporate Governance Association (ACGA) and CLSA Asia-Pacific Markets