characteristics (Matsumoto, 2002) - Institutional ownership - Reliance on implicit claims with their stockholders - Value-relevance of earnings Natural disasters (such as hurricanes: Byard et al. 2007
are sustainably different from the underlying financial version of the agency theory. It assumes that each stakeholder is a part of implicit and explicit contracts that can contribute to a corporation
implicit in the methodology but have been clarified through notes Web pages that facilitate dissemination Research highlights on the credit implications of ESG trends and factors ESG- specific conferences or
does not constitute an implicit or explicit investment advice. The information provided herein is general in nature and does not constitute an advertisement of financial products in Switzerland pursuant
จะไม่ชอบอ่านข้อมูล แต่มักจะฟังและเชื่อในสิ่งที่คนขายบอก และกลุ่มผู้ลงทุน high net worth ก็ยังมีทั้ง กลุ่มที่สนใจจะใฝ่หาข้อมูล (eager to know) และกลุ่มที่คนขายต้องป้อนข้อมูลให้ นอกจากนี้ ยังมีกลุ่มผู้
underlying asset(s) in which they invest – as discussed above. One aim of internal governance structures and the Principles in this respect is to minimise the frictional costs implicit in the investment chain
products (i.e., annuities), tax-efficient allocation decisions, and a portfolio optimization that includes a proxy for the investor’s implicit and/or explicit liabilities. Each of these five Gamma components
implicit assumption behind the expected relation between future earnings and stock price is that markets possess information about future earnings. Prior research on the price informativeness reveals that
Investor Strategies for Incorporating ESG Considerations into Corporate Interactions www.blackrock.com www.ceres.org Century21st Engagement Investor Strategies for Incorporating ESG Considerations into Corporate Interactions [ 5 ] FOREWORD The Value of Our Voice ......................................................................................................................................... 1 How ESG Megatrends Are Shaping Valuation ...........................................................