proxies. In this spirit, this study considers CSR to be a latent variable measured by environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) pillars. To overcome limitations of a single-equation regression, this

and Stambaugh (2003): Page 15/40 Literature Review (Cont’) 6. Liu’s measure or turnover adjusted number of zero daily volumes : 7. Index of Liquidity : Page 16/40 Variable and Model Development Tobin Q

to revenue from sale ratio is 73.24 %, 70.82 % and 77.04 %, for year 2020, 2021, and 2022 respectively. The main reason is that in 2022, the company has increased variable costs such as raw material

is a forward-looking measure that depends on estimates of future growth. However, past earning may not fully encompass future earnings information. Past earnings risk, hence, is a crude measure of

approval of the Cabinet, excluding currencies. “variable” means any exchange rate, interest rate, financial index, securities index or any other variables as specified in the notification of the SEC with the

monitored the market by this index. 5. Variable and Model Development: In this paper, Tobin Q ratio or Q ratio is applied as the shareholder wealth index. The Q ratio is hypothesized that the combined market

85.4 million mainly from variable expenses that rose along with revenues, annual salaries adjustment, and non-recurring items i.e. the pre-opening expenses of L&E Vietnam together with all registration

increase of total expenses of the company compared to the same period of last year in the amount of Baht 26.97 million or 26.69%, due to the increase of variable expenses which varies to the increase of

Baht 39.84 million or increase of 35.98% due to the increase of variable expenses which varies to the increase of gross premium written. Kindly be informed accordingly. Yours sincerely Wichai

year increased from last year 47.25 million baht or 19.62% due to the increase of variable expenses which were related to the increase of direct premium written. Kindly be informed accordingly. Yours