Commerce. This topic measures the strength of minority shareholder protection against directors' misuse of corporate assets for their personal gain as well as shareholder rights, governance safeguards and
possible limit of individual freedom, regulation is essential to uphold market credibility and orderliness. Yet, the regulator’s exercising of power must be prudent, fair and only as necessary to protect the
), while Transparency International (TI) defines corruption as an abuse of entrusted power for private gains, in both public and private sectors. The European Union defines corruption as the abuse of
collect from the mutual fund: (1.1) A maximum amount must be specified. (1.2) Collection of expenses for a sales promotion on the mutual fund is prohibited. (2) Collection of management fees shall comply