(1) driving the PK stock price upward, (2) obstructing others' purchase orders by placing orders at multiple price levels and (3) driving up the opening or the closing prices by placed orders

activities included (1) driving the TKT stock price upward and (2) obstructing others' purchase orders by by placing orders at multiple price levels, consequently misleading the public regarding the price

included (1) driving the PROS stock price upward , (2) obstructing others' purchase orders by placing orders at multiple price levels and (3) driving up the opening or the closing prices by placed