capacity. It also highlights the need to disclose and minimize conflicts of interest that may compromise the integrity of proxy advisors, analysts, brokers, rating agencies and others that provide analysis
, appropriate and efficient. In addition, to observe the independence of the internal audit unit, as well as to approve the appointment, transfer and dismissal of the head of the internal audit unit or any other
. Insider trading is prohibited and other types of self-dealing and conflicts of interest are regulated. The SEC actively monitors the market for abusive practices. Institutional investors regularly vote
own benefit; or (ii) sacrificed in the interest of social or political objectives set by the state. This can lead to inequitable treatment of shareholders through insider trading, abusive self-dealing
auditors are very crucial when identifying threats to auditors’ independence and potential conflicts of interest, which, in turn, could negatively affect the reliability of the audit works. The SEC noted
interest in audit quality. In May 2013, the SEC participated in Singapore Symposium on the topic, “ASEAN Capital Market: The importance of a strong financial reporting environment”, hosted by 10 In de pe nd
the executives and employees that could cause conflicts of interest with the business; and prohibitions on corruptions which will cause damages to the organization2. 1.2.3 Appropriate penalties in the
is not sufficient to provide assurance that such non-audit services may or may not impair the independence arising from the self-review threat or advocacy threat. • The audit firm may lack necessary
., spouse (or The long relationship of key audit partners with audit engagement clients may pose issues and threats towards the independence regarding the familiarity and conflicts of interest. The firms
independence of the QARP and their opinions, the SEC requires that the number of the attending non-practitioner members in each session be greater than the number of the attending practitioner members and not