raise independence issues. (Non-audit service) 3. High Risk Industries Resource, extractive, mining, oil and gas industries : • The current issue is not necessarily going concern but the issue is more
from business transactions with their audit clients. Moreover, audit firms have seriously adopted measures to improve and ensure their independence against the undue influence from long association, high
, social, sustainability and sustainability-linked bond framework, or appropriate procedures such as information barriers will have been implemented within the institution to ensure the independence of the
securities issuers, financial advisors, auditors, market intermediaries, and stock exchanges. Both market integrity and investor protection could not be achieved without high quality financial information
of audit firms has been an ongoing challenge, as a result of high turnover rates, coupling with low interests in this profession. With this concern in mind, the SEC and the Association of Chartered
the credit rating process CRAs should endeavour to issue opinions that help reduce the asymmetry of information among borrowers, lenders and other market participants; Independence and conflicts of
internal control system helps to prevent and deter frauds. However, emerging frauds that cause considerable damage usually involve malfeasances committed by high-ranking executives. Therefore, independent
, stronger protection for shareholder rights, whistle blower protection, and provisions to increase the independence and professionalism of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC has also
also relevant to non-listed companies which aspire to adopt high standards of corporate governance practice. The Principles are relevant to all types of board structure including one-tier and two-tier
issue of political independence of the securities supervisor through the creation of a formal governing body (a board, council, or commission) whose members are given fixed terms of appointment. If the