Detecting Corporate’s Earnings Manipulation in Thailand Corporate Governance Attributes and Audit Report Timeliness: Mediating Role of Corporate Disclosure and Transparency and Moderating Role of

European fixed income – trends and analysis SEC Classification : ใชภ้ายใน (Internal) - R E S P O N S I B L E I N V E S T M E N T - ESG Incorporation & Investment Strategies in Fixed Income Carmen

2018 Q3 2019 Increase/ (Decrease) 9M 2018 9M 2019 Increase/ (Decrease) THB mm THB mm % THB mm THB mm % Total Revenue/1 1,756.9 2,244.3 27.7% 7,227.4 9,121.4 26.2% Total Cost 492.6 916.3 86.0% 2,880.8

mm % Revenue 3,210.8 2,124.9 (1,085.9) (33.8%) Gross Profit 1,639.9 1,066.4 (573.4) (35.0%) Gross Profit Margin 51.1% 50.2% GPM before adjustment with PPA 56.6% 60.2% Income from sales of real estate

; Aerts & Zhang, 2014) 5 Patterns of Earnings Management • Income minimization/ Taking a big bath - during periods of high profitability - during the crisis (Kousenidis et al. , 2013) - to avoid political

% Corporate income tax -1 -2 1 -21% 0 0 0 -0% Earnings (Loss) for the Period -88 3 -91 3,259% -63 -6 -57 904% Non controlling interest -1 0 -1 782% 0 0 0 0% Net Earnings (Loss) -87 3 -90 3,327% -63 -6 -57 904

income tax -8 -10 2 -20% -7 -8 1 -13% Earnings (Loss) for the Period -50 39 -89 -228% -29 37 -66 -178% Non controlling interest - 1 -1 -100% - - - - Net Earnings (Loss) -50 38 -88 -232% -29 37 -66 -178

21% Corporate income tax 8 - 10 - 18 -180% 10 - 2 12 -600% Earnings (Loss) for the Period - 183 - 14 - 169 1207% - 115 - 9 - 106 1178% Non controlling interest 3 3 - 0% - - - 0% Net Earnings (Loss

) (109) 27 -25% (75) (75) 0 0% Finance cost - Interest expenses (11) (11) 0 0% (7) (8) 1 -13% Corporate income tax 3 (8) 11 -143% 6 (7) 13 -176% Earnings (Loss) for the Period 19 (50) 69 -138% (6) (30) 24

-138% (0) (22) 22 -98% Non controlling interest 1 1 (0) -17% - - - 0% Net Earnings (Loss) 14 (39) 53 -134% (0) (22) 22 -98% Sales and service income Revenue from sales and services of the company in the