Detecting Corporate’s Earnings Manipulation in Thailand Corporate Governance Attributes and Audit Report Timeliness: Mediating Role of Corporate Disclosure and Transparency and Moderating Role of

European fixed income – trends and analysis SEC Classification : ใชภ้ายใน (Internal) - R E S P O N S I B L E I N V E S T M E N T - ESG Incorporation & Investment Strategies in Fixed Income Carmen

; Aerts & Zhang, 2014) 5 Patterns of Earnings Management • Income minimization/ Taking a big bath - during periods of high profitability - during the crisis (Kousenidis et al. , 2013) - to avoid political

March 31st, 2018 and 2017 Unit: Million Baht Note: The ratio in the income statement is presented as a percentage of total income. The cost of sales of real estate is shown as a percentage of revenue from

% Corporate income tax -1 -2 1 -21% 0 0 0 -0% Earnings (Loss) for the Period -88 3 -91 3,259% -63 -6 -57 904% Non controlling interest -1 0 -1 782% 0 0 0 0% Net Earnings (Loss) -87 3 -90 3,327% -63 -6 -57 904

income tax -8 -10 2 -20% -7 -8 1 -13% Earnings (Loss) for the Period -50 39 -89 -228% -29 37 -66 -178% Non controlling interest - 1 -1 -100% - - - - Net Earnings (Loss) -50 38 -88 -232% -29 37 -66 -178

21% Corporate income tax 8 - 10 - 18 -180% 10 - 2 12 -600% Earnings (Loss) for the Period - 183 - 14 - 169 1207% - 115 - 9 - 106 1178% Non controlling interest 3 3 - 0% - - - 0% Net Earnings (Loss

) (109) 27 -25% (75) (75) 0 0% Finance cost - Interest expenses (11) (11) 0 0% (7) (8) 1 -13% Corporate income tax 3 (8) 11 -143% 6 (7) 13 -176% Earnings (Loss) for the Period 19 (50) 69 -138% (6) (30) 24

-138% (0) (22) 22 -98% Non controlling interest 1 1 (0) -17% - - - 0% Net Earnings (Loss) 14 (39) 53 -134% (0) (22) 22 -98% Sales and service income Revenue from sales and services of the company in the

: The Company had profit for the 2nd quarter ended June 30, 2020 in the amount of Baht 6.83 million (earnings per share of Baht 0.68), compared to the same quarter of last year which had profit of Baht