& Skinner, 2002) - to meet investors’ earnings expectations (Jackson & Liu, 2010) Ways to Manage Earnings (1) 6 Real earnings management Accrual earnings management Nature Effect on real operating cash flow
investments in associates and JVs /3 Excluding FX impact and one-time gain/(loss) items During 2018, the Company had reported net profit of THB 2,906.8 mm, which decreased by THB 359.6 mm or 11.0%, compared to
profit from investments in associates and JVs /2 Gross profit including share of profit from investments in associates and JVs /3 Excluding FX impact and one-time gain/(loss) items In the first 9 months of
JVs /3 Excluding FX impact and one-time gain/(loss) items In the first quarter of 2019, the Company had the net profit of THB 406.6 mm, which decreased by THB 373.3 mm or 47.9%, compared to the same
level. However, the genuine gross margin in the first quarter of 2020 was at 69.6% which increased from 54.4% in the same period of previous year, mainly due to higher occupancy rate. 2. Sale of
investment decisions can entail more risks. • View investing as part of the financial planning process rather than for speculative gain. 2. Investment product attributes • Identify and compare the features and
business according to the accounting standards under WHA level. However, the genuine gross margin in were at 53.0% and 51.1%, respectively. The decrease in genuine gross margin, compared to the same period
genuine gross margins for 3 months and 9 months were 51.5% and 54.8%, respectively. Utilities & Power Business Q3 2018 Q3 2019 Increase/ (Decrease) 9M 2018 9M 2019 Increase/ (Decrease) THB mm THB mm % THB
had accounted for the fair value adjustment of the acquired business according to the accounting standards under WHA level. However, the genuine gross margin in the first quarter of 2018 was at 49.2