violation harder to detect “Easy” to do Constraints More costly to the firms Auditor and regulators’ scrutiny and litigation risk the sum of accruals must be zero over the life of the firm. Model Test

, hereby certify and consent to the followings: 1. I certify that the audit firm has audit quality control system which is sufficient and reliable for supervising its auditors’ work to comply with the

/ regulatory action 5. Advertising, raising customer awareness • One state regulator describes their role as making advisors reveal their “verification of misconduct” (costly verification) • Conditional on a

Investor Strategies for Incorporating ESG Considerations into Corporate Interactions www.blackrock.com www.ceres.org Century21st Engagement Investor Strategies for Incorporating ESG Considerations into Corporate Interactions [ 5 ] FOREWORD The Value of Our Voice ......................................................................................................................................... 1 How ESG Megatrends Are Shaping Valuation ...........................................................

corporate governance can support the sustainable quality of financial reports preparation from which investors can access reliable financial information to support their suitable investment decisions. The SEC

electronic voting in absentia, including the electronic distribution of proxy materials and reliable vote confirmation systems. In jurisdictions where private enforcement is weak, regulators should be in a

estate development projects but due to the feasibility study of the project, the Company considered that the development of the project on such land is costly and not cost effective. The Company, therefore

account for newer, more costly production processes to comply with new social and environmental regulations (i.e. anti-pollution). Apply balance sheet impairment charges to reduce (“write down”) the book

for auditing the operation of the company; (d) independent compliance unit with acceptable standards and reliable for inspecting the operation of the company; (e) standard and reliable system for data

that is loss (c) efficient internal audit unit responsible for auditing the operation of the company; (d) independent compliance unit with acceptable standards and reliable for inspecting the operation