on Return Long-term Return 5 From high to low fees: trigger, small-cap, large-cap, and index funds. Large-cap is the largest segment but more expensive funds with poorer performance have been selling
violation harder to detect “Easy” to do Constraints More costly to the firms Auditor and regulators’ scrutiny and litigation risk the sum of accruals must be zero over the life of the firm. Model Test
, SET HD TRI = 10 Total expense ratio (%) Through the analysis on each fund style, the closet index fund is the worst performer in long term, as well as being the most expensive fees. Closet Index Factor
/ regulatory action 5. Advertising, raising customer awareness • One state regulator describes their role as making advisors reveal their “verification of misconduct” (costly verification) • Conditional on a
treatment of all shareholders. Company procedures should not make it unduly difficult or expensive to cast votes. 22 G20/OECD PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE © OECD 2015 The right to participate in general
being an important fund raising tool for businesses that would otherwise have to rely on a more expensive funding from the banking system, is also less risky than equity instrument and can also be a
estate development projects but due to the feasibility study of the project, the Company considered that the development of the project on such land is costly and not cost effective. The Company, therefore
competitiveness Pathways must include an assessment of current and expected technologies. Where a viable technology exists, even if relatively expensive, it should be used to determine the decarbonisation pathway
of positive feedback trading, buy (sell) trades are more expensive to execute (i.e., incur higher total price impact) than sell (buy) trades on bullish (bearish) markets. • “Price impact asymmetry is
account for newer, more costly production processes to comply with new social and environmental regulations (i.e. anti-pollution). Apply balance sheet impairment charges to reduce (“write down”) the book