Detecting Corporate’s Earnings Manipulation in Thailand Corporate Governance Attributes and Audit Report Timeliness: Mediating Role of Corporate Disclosure and Transparency and Moderating Role of

European fixed income – trends and analysis SEC Classification : ใชภ้ายใน (Internal) - R E S P O N S I B L E I N V E S T M E N T - ESG Incorporation & Investment Strategies in Fixed Income Carmen

operations 452 86% 89 22% +405% Revenue from sales of food and beverage 28 5% 8 2% +233% Revenue from management service 3 1% 7 2% (63%) Other income 8 1% 23 6% (67%) Total revenue 525 100% 407 100% +29

strong. Household income in the agricultural sector contracted, both in term of price and output. Meanwhile, non-farm household income remained stable. However, private consumption and export was seen

significant potential to help achieve this. The demand for green bonds has been growing rapidly with total issuance increasing tenfold from $3bn in 2012 to $35bn in 2014. The market has been driven by a strong

the year at 121.91 mb (2017: 97.45 mb) and increased by 24.46 mb or 25.1%. The strong improvement in net profit after tax is backed by growth in revenue and more efficient use of resources that improves

Analysis For the 2nd Quarter 2017 P a g e | 4 Net loss for the Company increased by 124% Total revenue was THB 2,594 million, EBITDA THB 386 million. The Company has earnings before interest, income tax and

; Aerts & Zhang, 2014) 5 Patterns of Earnings Management • Income minimization/ Taking a big bath - during periods of high profitability - during the crisis (Kousenidis et al. , 2013) - to avoid political

% Corporate income tax -1 -2 1 -21% 0 0 0 -0% Earnings (Loss) for the Period -88 3 -91 3,259% -63 -6 -57 904% Non controlling interest -1 0 -1 782% 0 0 0 0% Net Earnings (Loss) -87 3 -90 3,327% -63 -6 -57 904

income tax -8 -10 2 -20% -7 -8 1 -13% Earnings (Loss) for the Period -50 39 -89 -228% -29 37 -66 -178% Non controlling interest - 1 -1 -100% - - - - Net Earnings (Loss) -50 38 -88 -232% -29 37 -66 -178