is random and spread out. • Assign evaluation date to a randomly selected control group firms, then compute mean BHAR for the pseudo sample resulting in one pseudo sample mean. • Repeat previous step
others? We leave these questions for future research. 12 REFERENCES Barber, B. M., Odean, T., & Zheng, L. (2005). Out of sight, out of mind: The effects of expenses on mutual fund flows. The Journal of
and their results indicate that CSR activities have no significant influence on firm value. Several studies point out that a possible reason for the lack of consensus among prior research on the
worldwide including Thailand to prevent the spread of Covid-19 outbreak. And the negative impact of Covid -19 pandemic on the shipping industry were getting goods stranded, not capable of being shipped in and
-------------- Equation 6.2 Where: • Tobin Q is the ratio between the summation market capitalization and its total outstanding debt divided by total asset. • Dividend yield (DY) is the ratio of total dividend paid-out
the spread of the disease and have not been out since March. Revenue by type Due to the covid-19 virus spread, the government has issued a policy to close the establishment since the end of March 2020
system change form for two out of 25 changes did not have documented management authorization. Alternative procedures were performed to validate the changes were authorized (corroborative inquiries and
ถึง Bid Ask Spread ด้วยซึง่ถือเป็นต้นทนุอยา่งหนึง่เช่นกนัในการค านวณผลตอบแทนจากกลยทุธ์ทัง้ 2 การค านวณผลตอบแทนจากกลยทุธ์ทัง้ 2 ที่กลา่วมาข้างต้นจะท าการซือ้ขายเพียง 1 ครัง้ตามกยทุธ์ข้างต้น
(all IPs) and unique Ips. • This increase is especially so for low-visibility firms as compared to high-visibility firms (as proxied by the bid-ask spread). Interpretation • When the firm has news to be
separation was done out of necessity. Therefore, in order to determine the aggregate Gamma from the two different tests, the results for the tests must be combined. We leave the functional form for aggregating