-determined, acceptable level. 5 Important Notes • I do not consider the minimization problem of ruin probability as in Bayraktar & Young (2007) because ruin is not the absorbing state. • The earner continues

Alpha, Beta, and Now…Gamma David Blanchett, CFA, CFP® Head of Retirement Research Morningstar Investment Management Paul Kaplan, Ph.D., CFA Director of Research Morningstar Canada August 28, 2013 Morningstar Investment Management Page 2 of 27©2013 Morningstar. All rights reserved. This document includes proprietary material of Morningstar. Reproduction, transcription or other use, by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Morningstar is prohibited. The Morningstar I...