staffing levels. The result of 3 inspection cycle shows that the proportion of the number of listed companies per audit managers (or equivalent) was 0.7 for Big-4 firms and 1.5 for Non Big-4 firms

of useful insights with auditors. In 2019, the SEC organized meetings to discuss significant matters and visited audit firms, both big audit firms and Thai audit firms, to exchange knowledge and

the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA), and the Big-6 auditing firms regarding the issues and obstacles with

rendered continuous support to Thai audit firms that were not affiliated with the Big-4 firms (“local firms”) and audited the financial statements of listed companies, to enhance their strength. In doing so

not selling very well. Big yellow & red balls concentrate in 1-3 stars area. 20,00010,0005,0001,000 Star rating by Morningstar Fund size (mn.) Source: Morningstar Direct, data complied by Research

held by the Company to Big C Retail Holding Company Limited (“Big C Retail”) at THB 180.00 per share, which is the agreed price between the Company and Big C Retail, and is also higher than the 30-day

fundamentals, earnings persistence, and future earnings (e.g. Lev and Thiagarajan, 1993). More specifically, when investors observe a pattern of increasing earnings, they can infer that a firm has stronger

Enron’s accounting scandal and the demise of its audit firm, ‘Andersen’, Barton (2005) found that clients who were more attracted to investors’ attention moved from Andersen sooner to other Big 5 at that

earnings and firm value (e.g. Lev and Thiagarajan, 1993; Abarbanell and Bushee, 1997; Tomy, 2012; Yao, 2014). • If fundamental information is manifested in earnings persistence or reflects earnings growth

allocation and resulting goodwill. Post-IPO losses: in one jurisdiction, a good amount of attention is being placed on investment bankers and auditors when companies suffer losses after IPOs. Big data / data