on Return Long-term Return 5 From high to low fees: trigger, small-cap, large-cap, and index funds. Large-cap is the largest segment but more expensive funds with poorer performance have been selling
violation harder to detect “Easy” to do Constraints More costly to the firms Auditor and regulators’ scrutiny and litigation risk the sum of accruals must be zero over the life of the firm. Model Test
/ regulatory action 5. Advertising, raising customer awareness • One state regulator describes their role as making advisors reveal their “verification of misconduct” (costly verification) • Conditional on a
estate development projects but due to the feasibility study of the project, the Company considered that the development of the project on such land is costly and not cost effective. The Company, therefore
account for newer, more costly production processes to comply with new social and environmental regulations (i.e. anti-pollution). Apply balance sheet impairment charges to reduce (“write down”) the book
treatment of all shareholders. Company procedures should not make it unduly difficult or expensive to cast votes. 22 G20/OECD PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE © OECD 2015 The right to participate in general
being an important fund raising tool for businesses that would otherwise have to rely on a more expensive funding from the banking system, is also less risky than equity instrument and can also be a
require substantial water resources to operate Environmental sensitivities: Costly habitat relocation or remediation and additional permitting can be required if sites are located on environmentally
Thailand equity mutual funds from 1995 to 2014. Chulalongkorn Business Review, 152, 57 - 89. Sirri, E. R., & Tufano, P. (1998). Costly search and mutual fund flows. The Journal of Finance, 53(5), 1589-1622
Investor Strategies for Incorporating ESG Considerations into Corporate Interactions www.blackrock.com www.ceres.org Century21st Engagement Investor Strategies for Incorporating ESG Considerations into Corporate Interactions [ 5 ] FOREWORD The Value of Our Voice ......................................................................................................................................... 1 How ESG Megatrends Are Shaping Valuation ...........................................................