to hedge away longevity risk and can therefore improve the overall efficiency of a retiree’s portfolio. The contribution of an annuity within a total portfolio framework, (ben- efit, risk, and cost
for review. We also roll out various projects to support the quality development from within the firms, e.g., workshops on in-depth analysis of the root causes of deficiencies and how to improve the
provide scale benefits and improve operating capabilities. In response to industry headwinds, Management has improved its special focus on cost and working capital optimization programs. Disciplined
green labelling are also growing. Standards, assurance & certification is essential to improve confidence and transparency, which in turn will enable further strong growth in the market. The Climate Bonds
the fundamental shifts in the industry. Higher coal and secondary raw material prices, namely acetic acid and caustic soda, negatively impacted our cost of production. As PTA spreads continue to improve
, beverage bottles, PET packaging for food, personal care and home care) in the near term and improve our working capital efficiency. Most of our products are classified as essentials in the current pandemic
of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and the consideration paid, the consideration paid is lower than fair value of net assets transferred. As a result, the Group has gain from
natural hedge against short-term volatility in product margins. Core EBITDA margin has enhanced from 6.4% in 2013 to 11.4% in 2Q17 and this is targeted to fur- ther improve from the various strategic
businesses also enabled the Company improve its ability to capture a wider portion of the earnings value chain. These strategies have led to IVL becoming a global industry leader not just in terms of market
initiatives and cost transformations. The majority are initiatives focused on sales excellence and operational excellence, allowing us to provide better value propositions to our customers and improve overall