Intro to Impact Flow An Introduction to Impact Flow Impact Management and Measurement Tool Inspire Incubate Invest Spread insightful inspirations and build learning networks through a combination of

characteristics (Matsumoto, 2002) - Institutional ownership - Reliance on implicit claims with their stockholders - Value-relevance of earnings Natural disasters (such as hurricanes: Byard et al. 2007

(2017) Enterprise Book-to-Price (EBP) Penman, Richardson, and Tuna (2007) Sales-to-Price Ratio (SP) Barbee, Mukherji, and Raines (1996) Cash Flow-to-Price Ratio (CFP) Lakonishok, Shleifer, and Vishny

compared to the owners when the cash will flow from some potential investment to the creditors. • Resulting in .. ↙ Firms abandon/ reject a positive NPV project. ↙ “AN UNDERINVESTMENT PROCESS” . ↙ “Debt

5 3 .0 0 1 6 9 .0 0 1 8 5 .0 0 2 0 2 .0 0 2 3 4 .0 0 1 ,0 0 0 s h a re s Literature review • The literature on tick size tends to focus on the impact on market liquidity (see, for example, Ahn et al

three benchmarks (e.g. Kasznik and McNichols, 2002; Francis et al., 2003; Skinner and Sloan, 2002; Shanthikumar, 2012; Liu, 2013). • Economic-related rewards given to such firms are in the forms of

long run, but their definition of flow is based on abnormal changes in funds’ stock holdings. 16 For an example, Cao et al. (2018) document that institutional investors can help arbitrage away mispriced

SEC Classification : ใชภ้ายใน (Internal) I. Introduction The issue of gender diversity on corporate boards of directors has gained prominence in recent decades (Adams & Ferreira, 2009; Arun et al., 2015

• Application controls 2 Why do we need to audit IT system? • Highly dependent on IT system • The companies with high overall IT risk assessment tend to have more accounting errors (Grant et al. 2008) • Li et al

empirical questions related to three earnings thresholds; zero earnings, prior periods’ earnings, and earnings forecasts (e.g. Barth et al., 1999; Bartov et al., 2002; Kasznik and McNichols, 2002; Brown et al