rendered a waiver of appointing an independent director under the Notification of the Office of the Securities and Exchange Commission concerning Rules on Rendering a Waiver of Appointing Independence

member jurisdictions, which emphasizes the independence from the accounting profession of regulatory body. The Principle was aimed at providing a guideline for IOSCO members to implement their supervisory

) Ethical requirement (ER): Compliance in this area was found insufficient in some firms, such as inadequate independence compliance testing due to the findings on incomplete identification of related parties

directors? independence; 2) CSR in process: operating normal course of business with social and environmental responsibility while balancing stakeholder needs; 3) Anti-corruption in practice: being a role

forthcoming liberalization within five years. Message from the Secretary-General 4 not only empowered businesses but also furthered the moves toward the SEC's much anticipated self- regulation. On social

positive emotions of solidarity and a 7 SEC Classification : ใชภ้ายใน (Internal) strong sense of autonomy among individuals inside a company (Griffin, Li, and Xu, 2021; Li, Liu, Mai, and Zhang, 2021

support securities regulators to tackle new challenges and risks. The second FSAP included the assessment of the SEC’s roles and responsibilities regarding transparency, independence, rulemaking procedures

be a qualified person with independence, objectivity and required competency;  (3) Update the requirements per current standards and guidelines to be in alignment with international standards and other

ratio) 7 : 1 6 : 1 * ) 12 5. KPMG 2564 Big 4 Independence testing 6. KPMG 2564 Big 4 1 13 7. KPMG 2564* Big 4 (Listed company /partner) 22 2.84 * / portfolio allocation 2 108 / KPMG 2564 54

(staff/ partner ratio) 19 : 1 25 : 1 (staff/ manager ratio) 3 : 1 6 : 1 * ) 11 5. EY 2563 - 2564 Big 4 Independence testing 6. EY 2563 Big 4 1 12 7. EY 2563* Big 4 (Listed company /partner) 3.983 2.84