, led to Turkey threatening to shut off Kurdistan’s export pipeline that goes through Iraq to Turkish ports. The spread between the Dated Brent and Dubai crude oil price when compared to Q3/2017 decreased
instrument, to the point where informal mechanisms such as corporate culture have only a limited role to play. In other words, powerful boards might serve as a substitute for a strong corporate culture. This
enter into contractual agreements that inter alia see continuous trading arrangements, one-off asset transfers, or some form of financial assistance (for example, the provision of a loan to a controlling