, methods used must be done with speed, transparency, low costs with participation of all related parties.  

shoulders higher costs for issuers, especially expenses for external review, compared with regular debt instruments.The consultation paper is available at https://www.sec.or.th/EN/Pages/PB_Detail.aspx?SECID

digital media production business, create new business opportunities, expand the existing business, and help to manage costs and expenses of the production department more efficiently, etc.  However, the

transaction volume to use of standby subordinated loan facility to recover NC shortfall on a temporary basis which will reduce costs for seeking short-term finance. (2) To require the business operator

startups to access sources of capital efficiently at reasonable costs.”“Presently, SEC has the existing equity crowdfunding rules since 2015 for SMEs and startups with clear business plans to gain easier

operating costs, and at least 75% if it is a resolution on significant issues  (e.g.changing the fund type from a fixed income fund to an equity fund or paying redeeming unitholders with other assets

crisis. However, in promoting high CG standard among listed companies, real benefits and burden costs should be taken into account. Asst. Prof. Pradit Withisuphakorn, researcher, Faculty of Business

Public Company Limited Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) Page 8 of 15 In 3Q18, total costs stood at THB 4,539 mn, a 24. 0% increase YoY. Total Costs In 3Q18, CPN reported total costs of THB 4,539

expenses 2/ 291.0 271.0 243.3 -16.4% -10.2% 606.3 514.3 -15.2% Finance costs 48.1 84.7 77.3 +60.5% -8.8% 88.0 162.0 +84.1% Other expenses (reversal) 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0 - Profit before income tax

sales and rendering of services and cost of sales and rendering of services (excluding fuel costs). Also, the revenue from sales of Ratchaburi Electricity Generating Company Limited increased due to the